Learn how representative samples and random samples differ and why combining them minimizes sampling bias for accurate data.

Failure to follow this basic principle of population science -- a common complaint about research in the cognitive sciences -- can profoundly skew the results of brain imaging studies, leading to ...

‘White hat bias’ (WHB) (bias leading to distortion of information in the service of what may be perceived to be righteous ends) is documented through quantitative data and anecdotal evidence from the ...

Julie Young is an experienced financial writer and editor. She specializes in financial analysis in capital planning and investment management. Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial consultant, ...

Statistics are often estimated from a sample rather than from the entire population. If the inclusion probability of the sample is unknown to the researcher, that is, a nonprobability sample, naively ...

Pathology has long been the cornerstone of cancer diagnosis and treatment. A pathologist carefully examines an ultrathin slice of human tissue under a microscope for clues that indicate the presence, ...

Confirmation bias happens when you unconsciously focus on ideas that match what you already believe. Possible reasons include wishful thinking, anxiety, info overload, and the need to protect yourself ...