In modern communication systems, modulation is a key function that embeds the baseband signal (information) into a carrier wave so that it can be successfully broadcasted through a medium such as air ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...

In spread-spectrum and direct-sequence receivers, it’s often necessary to change the frequency of the clock oscillator, and thus the spreading-code clock, to lock the receiver’s reference pseudorandom ...

Electronic communications began as digital technology with Samuel Morse’s invention of the telegraph in 1845. The dots and dashes of his famous code were the binary ones and zeroes of the current ...

In MIPI Soundwire: Digital Audio Simplified, we mentioned that digital audio formats including Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) are target applications for MIPI Soundwire ...