1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

The 'untouched' Lorenz SZ42 machine was introduced by the Germans in 1942 after the Bletchley Park codebreakers led by Alan Turing cracked the Enigma. The Lorenz was even harder to decipher than the ...

The particularity of these cipher devices is that they shouldn't exist anymore. Not in one piece and certainly not functional. Because it was a state secret technology, utmost care was taken by German ...

Machine Enigma and its coding system were designed and patented for both civil and military service by a German engineer Arthur Scherbius in February 1918. It was a cipher machine based on rotating ...

This sealogged Nazi machine will undergo restoration. German divers for the environmental group World Wildlife Fund were searching the ocean floor for abandoned nets threatening marine wildlife. What ...

So-called encryption wars are nothing new. The debate over government and law enforcement access to encrypted material is rightly headline news today, but it's a battle that’s been fought time and ...

The Enigma code was a fiendish cipher that took Alan Turing and his fellow codebreakers a herculean effort to crack. Yet experts say it would have crumbled in the face of modern computing. While ...